Recognizing the Signs of Ovarian Cancer: What to Watch For

Ovarian cancer is often called the “silent killer” because its symptoms can be subtle, vague, and easily mistaken for common health issues.

However, early detection significantly increases the chances of successful treatment. Understanding the warning signs of ovarian cancer can empower individuals—especially women—to seek medical advice early and advocate for their health.

What Is Ovarian Cancer?

Ovarian cancer occurs when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in or on the ovaries, the small organs that produce eggs and hormones like estrogen and progesterone. It is most commonly diagnosed in women over 50, but it can affect younger women as well.

Early Signs and Symptoms

The early signs of ovarian cancer often mimic benign conditions such as irritable bowel syndrome, constipation, or menstrual irregularities. However, when symptoms are persistent, frequent, and worsening, they may indicate something more serious.

Here are common early symptoms of ovarian cancer:

Bloating: Persistent bloating that doesn’t go away and is unrelated to diet.
Pelvic or abdominal pain: Ongoing discomfort or pressure in the lower abdomen.
Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly: A sudden change in appetite without a clear cause.
Frequent or urgent urination: A noticeable increase in the need to urinate or an inability to hold urine.

These symptoms are especially concerning if they:

Occur more than 12 times in a month
Are new and unusual for you
Do not resolve with dietary or lifestyle changes

Additional Warning Signs

In more advanced stages, ovarian cancer may cause:

Fatigue
Back pain
Constipation
Menstrual irregularities or postmenopausal bleeding
Unexplained weight loss or gain (particularly in the abdomen)
Pain during intercourse

Again, these signs can be caused by many different conditions. The key is persistence and severity—if something doesn’t feel right, it’s important to talk to a healthcare provider.

Risk Factors

Certain factors may increase a woman’s risk of developing ovarian cancer:

Family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer
Inherited gene mutations (BRCA1 or BRCA2)
Age (most cases are diagnosed after menopause)
Endometriosis
Never having been pregnant
Use of fertility treatments

When to See a Doctor

If you experience any combination of the above symptoms that are persistent and unusual for you, see your gynecologist or primary care provider. They may recommend a pelvic exam, ultrasound, or CA-125 blood test to assess your condition.

Importance of Early Detection

Ovarian cancer detected in the earliest stages has a 5-year survival rate of over 90%. However, only about 20% of cases are found this early because the symptoms are so easily overlooked. That’s why awareness and proactive care are critical.

Conclusion

Recognizing the signs of ovarian cancer can be life-saving. By paying attention to your body and seeking medical advice when something feels off, you take an important step toward protecting your health. While not all symptoms point to cancer, it’s always worth checking in with a doctor—because early detection makes all the difference.