Understanding Glaucoma in Dogs: Common Signs, Breeds at Risk, and Treatment Options
Glaucoma in dogs is a serious and often painful condition that can lead to irreversible blindness if not caught and treated early.
It occurs when there is increased pressure within the eye, which can damage the optic nerve and lead to vision loss. Recognizing the early signs of glaucoma in dogs is essential for preserving their sight and ensuring a better quality of life.In this post, we’ll cover the common signs of glaucoma in dogs, the breeds most at risk, and the available treatment options.
What Is Glaucoma in Dogs?
Glaucoma is caused by the buildup of fluid inside the eye when the normal drainage system becomes blocked or impaired. The excess fluid increases intraocular pressure, which can damage the optic nerve over time.
There are two main types:
- Primary Glaucoma: Inherited and often breed-related.
- Secondary Glaucoma: Caused by another eye condition like injury, cataracts, or inflammation.
Common Signs of Glaucoma in Dogs
Glaucoma symptoms can develop suddenly or progress slowly, depending on the type and severity. Early detection is crucial.
Early Symptoms:
- Redness in the White of the Eye
- Squinting or Blinking Frequently
- Cloudy or Bluish Appearance of the Cornea
- Dilated Pupil That Doesn’t Respond to Light
- Mild Vision Changes (hesitation, bumping into objects)
Advanced Symptoms:
- Enlarged Eye (Buphthalmos)
- Obvious Vision Loss or Blindness
- Excessive Tearing or Eye Discharge
- Visible Eye Pain (pawing at the eye, reluctance to be touched)
Because glaucoma can be extremely painful, dogs may also exhibit behavior changes such as lethargy, loss of appetite, or aggression when their eye is touched.
Breeds Prone to Glaucoma
While any dog can develop glaucoma, certain breeds are genetically predisposed to primary glaucoma.
High-Risk Breeds:
- Cocker Spaniel
- Basset Hound
- Beagle
- Chow Chow
- Shiba Inu
- Siberian Husky
- Samoyed
- Boston Terrier
- Dachshund
If you own one of these breeds, regular veterinary eye exams can help catch glaucoma in its early stages.
Diagnosing Glaucoma
Veterinarians diagnose glaucoma by measuring intraocular pressure (IOP) using a tool called a tonometer. Normal pressure in a dog’s eye ranges from 10 to 25 mmHg. Elevated IOP is a key indicator of glaucoma.
Your vet may also examine the eye’s drainage angle and optic nerve health to determine the type and severity of the condition.
Treatment Options for Canine Glaucoma
1. Medications
- Eye Drops: Used to reduce eye pressure and control pain.
- Oral Medications: May be prescribed to improve fluid drainage or reduce production.
These treatments can help manage the disease but often need to be administered long-term.
2. Surgery
When medications are not enough to control intraocular pressure, surgical options may be recommended:
- Laser Therapy: To reduce fluid production.
- Drainage Implants: To improve fluid outflow.
- Eye Removal (Enucleation): In severe or painful cases where vision cannot be restored, removing the eye may be the most humane option.
3. Ongoing Monitoring
Glaucoma is a lifelong condition that requires frequent veterinary follow-ups to monitor eye pressure and adjust treatment as needed.
Final Thoughts
Glaucoma in dogs is a challenging condition, but early recognition and prompt treatment can make a significant difference in your pet’s comfort and long-term eye health. If you notice any changes in your dog’s eyes or behavior, don’t wait—consult your veterinarian immediately.
For high-risk breeds, regular eye screenings and preventative care are essential. With vigilant monitoring and appropriate care, many dogs with glaucoma can still enjoy a comfortable and fulfilling life.