Medications That Can Cause Ulcerative Colitis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the lining of the large intestine and rectum, leading to chronic pain, diarrhea, and bleeding. While its exact cause remains unclear, certain medications have been linked to triggering or worsening ulcerative colitis symptoms in some people. Knowing these risks can help you discuss safer options with your healthcare provider.

Common Medications Linked to Ulcerative Colitis

While most medications are safe when used as directed, research shows certain drugs may increase the risk of developing ulcerative colitis or triggering flare-ups in people who already have the condition. Here are some medications to be aware of:

• Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) – Includes ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin), naproxen (Aleve), and aspirin. These drugs can irritate the digestive tract and may worsen inflammation in people with UC.
• Isotretinoin (Accutane) – Used to treat severe acne, isotretinoin has been linked in some studies to increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease, including ulcerative colitis.
• Antibiotics – Frequent or prolonged use of antibiotics can disrupt gut bacteria, potentially triggering inflammation in the colon.
• Oral Contraceptives – Some research suggests hormonal birth control pills may slightly raise the risk of developing ulcerative colitis, though findings are mixed.
• Certain Biologic Medications – Drugs used to treat other autoimmune conditions may occasionally trigger colitis-like symptoms as a side effect.
• Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors – Cancer treatments like nivolumab or ipilimumab can cause colitis as a side effect due to immune activation.

It’s important to note: not everyone taking these medications will develop ulcerative colitis. However, if you have a personal or family history of inflammatory bowel disease, talk with your doctor before starting any new medication.

Risks and Warning Signs

Taking medications linked to UC doesn’t mean you’ll automatically develop the condition. However, if you notice these symptoms, speak with your healthcare provider:

• Persistent diarrhea
• Blood in stool
• Abdominal pain or cramping
• Unexplained weight loss
• Urgency to have bowel movements

Early intervention can help manage inflammation and prevent serious complications.

Treatment Options for Ulcerative Colitis

If you’re diagnosed with ulcerative colitis, there’s hope. Modern treatments have transformed how people manage this disease, helping many live symptom-free or with minimal discomfort. Treatment options include:

• Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) – Anti-inflammatory drugs like mesalamine reduce inflammation in the colon.
• Corticosteroids – Used for short-term control of flare-ups, but not ideal for long-term use due to side effects.
• Immunomodulators – Drugs like azathioprine help reduce immune system overactivity.
• Biologic therapies – Targeted treatments such as infliximab or vedolizumab block specific inflammatory pathways.
• JAK inhibitors – Oral medications like tofacitinib used in moderate to severe cases.
• Surgery – In severe cases, removal of the colon may be necessary to eliminate symptoms permanently.

Lifestyle changes, such as stress management, avoiding trigger foods, and maintaining a balanced diet, can also play a crucial role in keeping UC under control.

Final Thoughts

While ulcerative colitis can be a life-altering diagnosis, many people find relief and stability with the right treatment plan. If you’re taking medications linked to UC or experiencing symptoms, don’t wait to seek medical advice. Catching problems early can make a huge difference in your health and quality of life.

For more information about ulcerative colitis, visit:

• Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation
• National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases

Sources

Crohn’s & Colitis Foundation – https://www.crohnscolitisfoundation.org

NIDDK – https://www.niddk.nih.gov

Mayo Clinic – https://www.mayoclinic.org

MedlinePlus – https://medlineplus.gov